Eurylaimidae

Eurylaimus ochromalus
Black-and-yellow Broadbill
Zwart-gele Hapvogel (Dutch)

ZMA 10749
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Near-Threatened A bird preferring lowland forests with a closed canopy in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including various offshore islands), and Borneo. After clear-cutting of much of the lowland forest in favor of plantations and crop cultivation, the species has markedly declined, but substantial numbers survive in hill forest, in regenerated secondary forest, and in shaded plantations, and the bird is not directly threatened in its survival. Two subspecies: nominate ochromalus in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo, and some nearby islands, and ssp. mecistus on the Banyak Is. (off W Sumatra).

Items in the ZMA - 21 birds and 1 egg:
ZMA 10742 Adult female, Sep 1915, Tumbang Maruwei (0°22'S, 114°40E; 84 m), on Laung River, C Kalimantan, Indonesia, coll. C. Lumholtz, no nr., skin.

ZMA 10743 Adult male, 8 May 1914, Long Paleban (02°44'N, 116°33'E), on Kayan R, E Kalimantan, Indonesia, coll. C. Lumholtz 319, skin.

ZMA 10744 Adult male, 16 May 1914, Pipa River (c. 2°25'N, 116°24'E), E Kalimantan, Indonesia, coll. C. Lumholtz 346, skin.

ZMA 10745-8 Adults, two females & two males, 5 Oct 1919, 14 Jan 1920, 31 Oct 1919 & 24 Jan 1920, Sungei Tasik (03°49'N, 98°15'E), Langkat, NE Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. A.F.C.A. van Heijst 1813, 0227, 1905 & 0288, skins.
['Fairly common in the primary forest'.]

ZMA 10749 & 23081 Adult males, 23 Mar & 10 Jul 1914, Batangkuis (03°37'N, 98°48'E), Deli, NE Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. L.P. le Cosquino de Bussy 204b & 204a, skins.

ZMA 10750 Adult male, 9 Dec 1915, Namu-ukur (03°28'N, 98°28'E, 96 m), Deli, NE Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. L.P. le Cosquino de Bussy 204c, skin.

ZMA 10751-10752 [Adult male & juvenile female], [Mar 1912-May 1917], Deli, NE Sumatra, coll. L.P. le Cosquino de Bussy, no nr., skins.

ZMA 10753-10754 [Adult males], [1898-1904], Batangkuis area (c. 03°34'N, 98°50'E), Deli, NE Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. K. Waldeck, presented 23 Dec 1904, skins.

ZMA 10755 Adult male, 28 Dec 1934, Tjabang-karan (04°39'S, 105°49E), Lampung, S Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. Mantri Saän, ex Museum Buitenzorg [= Bogor] 9957, received by Colonial Institute in 1923, to ZMA in 1945, skin.

ZMA 10756-10757 Adult, [male & female], undated [Mar-May 1907], midden-Sumatra [= Mt Sunggirik & sources of Batanghari, Indragiri & Kamparkiri rivers, 0°10'-0°57'S, 100°58'-101°25'E, central Sumatra], Indonesia, coll. J.P. Kleiweg de Zwaan, skins.

ZMA 10758 [Adult female], undated [before 1900], [Lampung Province, S Sumatra], collector unknown, 'local name: Burung Karam', skin.

ZMA 10759 [Adult male], no data, collector unknown, ex Snouckaert 2124, skin.

ZMA 10760 [Adult female], undated [1916-1917], Bandarbaru (03°16'N, 98°30'E), c. 1000 m, Deli, NE Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. L.P. le Cosquino de Bussy 204d, skin.

ZMA 47770 Female, 19 Mar 1937, Klapa Kampit (02°43'S, 108°04'E), northern Belitung I., Indonesia, F.J. Kuijper, no nr., ex Sillem-Van Marle 770, skin.

ZMA 49234 One egg, undated [1912-1917], Deli area, NE Sumatra, Indonesia, coll. L.P. le Cosquino de Bussy, mark '352Z', ex Colonial Institute KI 4, received in 1945.

Remarks
Sometimes three subspecies are recognized, Bornean birds being separated from nominate ochromalus as kalamantan on account of allegedly larger size (wing male 81-89 mm, female 76-78 mm, against nominate male & female 74.5-85 mm), a broader white band across the nape, and more extensive yellow on the mantle. Accordingly, our three first-mentioned birds were labelled as ssp. kalamantan, all others as nominate ochromalus. When checking the birds, the plumage differences appeared to be due to a difference in make-up of the skins and to the grade of wear; also, size differences were minor, as our 17 birds from Sumatra had wing 76-82 mm, a female from Belitung 78 mm, the three Bornean birds 80 (male Long Paleban), 82 (female Tumbang Maruwei), and 86 (male Pipa). Thus, only one of the Borneo birds falls outside the range of Sumatran ones, and comparable findings were also apparent from larger series measured by Mees (1986), a reason to refrain from recognizing kalamantan. Whether mecistus of the Banyak Is. is valid remains to be proven; none was examined by Marle & Voous (1988). The egg mentioned for the ZMA in Marle & Voous (1988) from the Waldeck collection can not be found, unless one of the De Bussy collection is meant.

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